“Woeful” I’d agree with. They definitely appear to be aiming to serve a different group of purpose than I’d like for them to, but that’s why they’re called “Fish and Game Dept”, not the “Dept of Wildlife Conservation and Habitat Restoration”.

I understand they want to increase moose and caribou populations, but doing so by removing natural predators doesn’t seem to have much of a record of achieving that.

Cheers

Carl

Thanks for reading, and for a detailed post, I appreciate it. It’s great to have some long-time Alaskans on the site!

I think the problem here is 2fold:

* the AK Board of Game are attempting to remove the requirement of scientific input from their decision-making policy. They were sued just last year, on this very issue, because they didn’t make their decision according to the best available science. Their own laws required their decision-making policy be based on the best available science. That’s one of the reasons they were sued (along with offering bounties for the shooting, which they called “incentives”. The new language of the law merely stipulates “the Board of Gam may authorize a predator control program that involves airborne or same day day shooting of wolves, wolverines, or brown bears if the board determines that the program would be conducive to achieving the objectives established for human harvest”. Here’s a link to actual Bill:

Ak State Legislature Page.

Removing all reference to “Science” means, they have free reign to essentially act on their own opinions. For a Government currently advising that their predator-management program is science based to remove the word “science” from their law seems contradictory to me.

* the 2nd issue is the will of the people. The Alaska populace have voted twice in the last few years to deny aerial wolf shooting. They initiated a petition for a third vote on the ballet this coming August, and the proposed bill HB 348 removes that initiative, and removes all further input from the Alaska citizenry by classifying Fish and Game as “Assets”, meaning their “management” is no longer something the voters have any real say in - just like oil, mining, etc.

Alaska Game Management should, IMO, require sound scientific input, as well as be held accountable to the will and scrutiny of the public. These 2 bills are proposals that afford neither of these.

A separate, though related issue, is the issue of predator control at all. Moose were not historically in large numbers in Alaska, and didn’t inhabit many regions of the state until relatively recently. Some 600 moose are killed on the Alaska roads each year. Fire control has prevented the regrowth of willow that moose browse on, lessening available habitat.

Wildlife populations naturally fluctuate - that fluctuation is probably the key to their survival. The snoeshoe hare/lynx relationship is a classic example of that. Attempts to artificially stabilize populations are, at best, dangerous, more likely to be very damaging to processes such as natural selection, genetic diversity and overall biotic health. Artificially inflating moose populations above the natural population has been shown to affect overall body size and reproduction, as they become more competitive for limited available food.

A big issue in this topic is locale. Moose populations in some areas of the state are high and increasing, and in others noticeably decreasing. The Tanana Flats area in particular has seen moose populations fall, but studies have also shown yearling moose in that area to be of significantly less body weight than moose calves who browsed in the Alaska Range region, despite similar birth weights - this indicates food and nutrition to be a factor.

Have you read Jim Rearden’s book, “Alaska Wolf Man”? He’s an ex- Board Member, and definitely of the ‘wolves need to be shot’ ideology. I don’t recall the specifics, but there are a number of fallacies, inconsistencies and bad logic in that. Bull moose numbers were down, and he said this indicated predation by wolves and bears was an issue, when we all know if the bull-cow ratio is down, it points, most likely, to over-hunting by people, not wolves and bears. Further, and this a problem with much of the idea behind predator control, the populations of moose and caribou that are targets for restoration are from years of historical highs - after years and years of predator extermination, by trapping and shooting. When aerial shooting was banned, in the early 70’s, a few severe winters (71/72 and 72/73 in particular) resulted in sharp declines in moose populations. The argument became that wolves needed to be shot out because moose and caribou populations would be low otherwise - the truth seems to be that because of concentrated and widespread predator extermination programs, moose and caribou populations had been artificially inflated. As aerial wolf shooting was banned, the ungulate populations crashed because (a), they’d overeaten their habitat, (b) severe winters, and (c) predation. Restoring moose and caribou populations to those peak populations is probably unsound management, as well as impossible.

I’ve been fortunate enough to see a few wolf kills in my travels in Alaska, and I’ve never seen them leave a meal without getting their fill first. They typically return to a kill and finish it off quickly, and in a day or so, a few bones is all that remains. Wolf kills also are scavenged by bears - so a decrease in the wolf population will also affect a food source for bears.

I firmly believe natural predators have a record of better management of prey species than we do, even with our best available science. The health of ecosystems across the US when Europeans first arrived here would seem to support the idea that wolves and bears know better than we do what a healthy ungulate population should be. The ungulates, in turn, seem to have a better idea than we do of what a healthy population of bears and wolves should be as well. We might do well to learn from them.

I’ve never seen any supporting data that wolverines are a threat to either caribou or moose populations, though I have seen one chase Dall sheep. He didn’t catch any though. I can’t see why aerial wolverine shooting needs to be a part of any bill.

Thanks again for your post, I do appreciate it.

Cheers

Carl

The general problem I have seen with many agencies is that they seem more influenced by special interests and lobby groups, if that is even possible over the influence on legislative bodies. But these days, I am even skeptical of sound science presented to justify some lethal action under the premise of wildlife “management.”

Thanks for your response. It is evident that you understand the dynamics of the wolf, moose and caribou ratios which is preceisely the science behind any management principles employed. What I think we disagree on is the purpose of management. Maybe we can agree to disagree here.

In my view, management should include the purpose of maximizing the number of moose, caribou and wolves and, (with consideration of the available habitat and feed), that yields the greatest use and enjoyment by tourists and locals alike. It is fun and encouraging to see lots of moose and caribou and an occasional wolf or wolf pack. Left alone, (without management), the ratios work out naturally, exactly as you stated and know: left with very few of any of the named species and consequently, very few persons would enjoy seeing such animals. As with any natural resource, wise management and careful planning, can result in benefit to all. Animals do not self manage for maximization. They self manage to their own deteriment including at times natural extinction.

I have observed wolves on many occasion, including wolf kills of moose calves left to rot without a single bite taken. How often this occurs is debateable, but wovles kill because that is their instinct and occupation, not necessarily for food and certainly not for management or conservation purposes. If the purpose of the Department of Fish & Game is to isolate, conserve, leave to their own fate, ignore or simply preserve all natural processes, then your conclusion is right. With that scenario, we would abolish the Department, because who needs one? Just let the animals do thier own thing and count your self lucky to see a moose, caribou or wolf every few years. That is certainly not my idea of fun or enjoyment, nor is it the Alaska that I know and love.

Thanks for the input, I do appreciate it. I agree with everything you wrote.

Hey Tim,

I think there are a few areas here that I see potential problems with. The idea of “maximizing the number of moose, caribou and wolves” is fraught with potential concerns. One might be, for example, the impact of those species populations on other species. For example, moose eat willow, a staple and and critical part of the diet of Snowshoe hare. Snowshoe hare are a vital part of the diet of a number of predators, particularly Lynx, owls, foxes, coyotes, marten, wolverine, etc. “Maximizing moose” numbers could easily lead to problems with available food sources for snowshoe hares, which in turn impacts a number of other species. To me, this kind of thing shows, as Mark alluded to above, that we’re incapable of fully understanding the implications of all these things on the rest of the biology. Even now, after years of study and research, biologists in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, biologists are amazed at how much impact the return of the wold has had on so many different aspects of the biotic community. Beaver numbers have returned to healthy populations, for example - nobody had any idea beaver would benefit from the wolf’s return. Pronghorn numbers are increasing, bighorn sheep an whitetail deer are increasing as well.

Secondly, I think we have to question our role, our responsibility and our right to “manage” all this. “Playing God” is an ethical consideration.

Concerning the idea that without human ‘management’ species populations are reduced to ‘very few’, I don’t think biology studies reflect this. Most species’ populations follow a bell curve .. from a low and slow start, they begin to gradually increase .. slowly, as the species learns its habitat, ecosystem, etc. Population then begins to rise at a faster rate, as the species begins to become more successful. After a while, the growth rate slows as it begins to approach carrying capacity. The moose in parts of Alaska such as the YK delta are a great example of this. A century ago, there were no moose there. Maybe 60 or so years ago they began to appear in the delta, and gradually at first, numbers began to rise. Once established, the population rose markedly. Then it approaches peak, or carrying capacity, and population growth rate slowed and began to level out. All of this was also affected by the extensive predator control programs Alaska had in place during much of that time.

If we look at species populations of this continent before European arrival, I think you’d agree that left to their own management, species seemed to able to flourish, far better than they do under our ‘management’. Approximately 100 million bison walked the Great Plains. Another 40-60 million Pronghorn walked the Great Plains. Salmon ran so thick in the Pacific Coast Rivers that reports of horses being to fearful to enter the water, so great was the trashing and splashing the fish caused. Estimates of the Passenger Pigeon population are around one billion. And it’s not just animals. Forests were were so thick on the Appalachians that the mountains appeared covered with snow with the American Chestnut trees sprouted their creamy white blossoms. And it’s not just populations. Wood bison walked in New England. Polar bears were recorded to have travelled as far south as Delaware Bay. Virtually every animal native to this continent roamed a far greater territory than they do today, and in greater population densities. I just don’t agree that we, even with our best science, can understand enough to ‘manage’ populations any better than they’re able to do themselves. I’d go so far as to say the intention o do so reflects probably one of our greatest problems - a desire to control that which we have no right whatsoever to control.

I can’t think of many examples of species ’self managing to the point of their own extinction’. I can think of many, many species who were driven extinct by mankind though - some populations continuing to be decimated today.

You said:

“As with any natural resource, wise management and careful planning, can result in benefit to all.”

I’d suggest we need to be careful with that understanding. Here’s an article I wrote for recently about ‘Natural Resources”:

Article.

IMO, the role of a department like Fish & Game ought be to manage the (human) hunters, and monitor our impact on the landbase we live on. I’m not opposed to hunting, even, in some way, to sport hunting, but I think we need to understand that our right to this world is no greater than that of the fellow creatures we share it with, that the more respect and compassion we show the natural world, the more respect and compassion we inevitably have for ourselves - we are, afterall, a product and a part of that world. I do think we have a right to ‘use’ (though I dislike that word) what the landbase provides us with - we’re living creatures, and not exempt from the laws of consumption. But rights intrinsically come with responsibilities. We have a responsibility to the wolves, to the moose, the salmon, to the tundra, to the forests, to the oceans, to ourselves, to treat the world with care. Rather than impose “management” on the natural world (an oxymoron, no - how ‘natural’ is something ‘managed’?), I think we might do better were we to start caring about the natural world, which ultimately means caring about ourselves. Caring about ourselves enough that we act in such a way as to see plentiful populations of moose, caribou, wolves, wolverines, salmon, eagles, forests, flowers, clean waterways, clean air, and so forth.

Cheers

Carl

Thanks for another post.

Yeah, that crazy guy feeding bears is pretty wild. I’m not certain how much damage it causes, in reality, but it’s certainly a pretty wild situation. I’m not sure if he’s still feeding this coming summer or not.

Cheers

Carl